Modern industrial environment is steered with the latest technological advancements in computers and communication. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) based automation is the outcome of that.

Programmable Logic Controllers book has been prepared as a textbook to give an insight to these areas. Divided into seven chapters, the first chapter in the book presents the basics of Programmable Logic Controllers and the second chapter in the book establishes a bridge between digital logics and Ladder logics.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) Timers and Counters have been dealt with in chapter three while commonly used advanced instructions are presented in chapter four. In chapter five of this Programmable Logic Controllers and Industrial Automation book, PLC I/O and power supplies have been covered and basics of modern industrial communication and networking are highlighted in chapter six of the book. Chapter seven in the book converges the total discussion made in the earlier chapters in the book to applications in industrial automation.

PLC book will find acceptance among the students of Bachelor of Engineering and Master of Engineering of different disciplines of various universities of the country and abroad, among students of AMIE, AMIETE and, of course, for practicing engineers.

• A vivid bridge between digital logics and Ladder logics.
• Detail discussions made on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) I/O and power supply which are the lifelines of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)s.
• Industrial communication and networking, their basics and interfaces with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)s, are the unique portion of the book.
• A clear picture of industrial automation has been revealed through a number of solved real time problems.

Madhuchhanda Mitra did her B.Sc. ( Honours in Physics), B. Tech., M. Tech. and Ph.D. (in Measurement & Instrumentation) from the University of Calcutta. She has ten years teaching experience in the University College of Technology, University of Calcutta. Her special fields of interest include Process instrumentation, microprocessors and microcontrollers and biomedical signal processing. She is presently Reader in the Instrumentation Engineering division of the Department of Applied Physics. She has about fifty technical papers published in national and international journals and conference proceedings. She is the recipient of Best Paper Award for three of her papers. She is a recipient of "Griffith Memorial Award" of the University of Calcutta.

Samarjit Sen Gupta did his B.Sc. ( Honours in Physics), B. Tech., M. Tech. and Ph.D. (in Electrical Machines and Power Systems) from the University of Calcutta. His employment experience includes about nine years' industrial in power and process plants and fifteen years teaching in the University College of Technology, University of Calcutta. His special fields of interest include power system operation, control, protection and measurements. He is presently Professor in the Electrical Engineering division of the Department of Applied Physics. He has about sixty technical papers published in national and international journals and conference proceedings. He is the recipient of Best Paper Award for three of his papers. He has authored two books for engineering level. He was awarded the 2nd B. R. Batra Award (2004) awarded by the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK), Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, Member of IEEE (USA) and Member of the Institution of Engineers (India).

Table of Contents in Programmable Logic Controllers And Industrial Automation book

Contents

I Introduction

• What Is A PLC
• Technical Definition Of PLC
• What Are Its Advantages
• Characteristic Functions Of A PLC
• Chronological Evolution Of PLC
• Types Of PLC
  • Unitary PLC
  • Modular PLC
    • Small PLC
    • Medium PLC
    • Large PLC
• Block Diagram Of PLC
  • Input / Output ( I / O ) Section
  • Processor Section
    • Power Supply
    • Memory
    • Central Processing Unit
• Processor Software / Executive Software
• Multitasking
• Languages
• Ladder Language

• Introduction
• Input And Output Contact Program Symbols
• Numbering System Of Inputs And Outputs
• Program Format
• Introduction To Logic
  • Equivalent Ladder Diagram Of AND Gate
  • Equivalent Ladder Diagram Of OR Gate
  • Equivalent Ladder Diagram Of NOT Gate
  • Equivalent Ladder Diagram Of XOR Gate
  • Equivalent Ladder Diagram Of NAND Gate
  • Equivalent Ladder Diagram Of NOR Gate
    • Equivalent Ladder Diagram To Demonstrate De Morgan Theorem
• Ladder Design
  Solved Problems
  Exercise

• Switches
  Solved Problems

• Timer And Its Classification
• Characteristics Of PLC Timer
  • Functions In Timer
  • Resetting - Retentive And Non-Retentive
• Classification Of PLC Timer
• On Delay And Off Delay Timers
• Timer-On Delay
• Timer Off Delay
• Retentive And Non-Retentive Timers
• Format of a Timer Instruction
  Solved Problems
  Exercise
• PLC Counter
• Operation Of PLC Counter
• Counter Parameters
• Counter Instructions Overview
  • Count Up (CTU)
  • Count Down (CTD)
  Solved Problem
  Exercises

• Introduction
• Comparison Instructions
• Discussions On Comparison Instructions
  • "EQUAL" or "EQU" Instruction
  • "NOT EQUAL" or "NEQ" Instruction
  • "LESS THAN" or "LES" Instruction
  • "LESS THAN OR EQUAL" or "LEQ" Instruction
  • "GREATER THAN" or "GRT" Instruction
  • "GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO" or "GRQ" Instruction
  • "MASKED COMPARISON FOR EQUAL" or "MEQ" Instruction
  • "LIMIT TEST" or "LIM" Instruction
  Solved Examples
• Addressing Data Files
• Format Of Logical Address
• Addressing Format For Micrologic System
• Different Addressing Types
  • Word Within an Integer File
  • Bit Within an Integer File
  • Bit Within an Bit File
• Data Movement Instructions
• Logical Instructions
  • Main Features Of Logical Instructions
  • Logic AND Instruction
  • Logic OR Instruction
  • Logic Exclusive OR Instruction
  • Logic NOT Instruction
  • Logic NEGATE Instruction
  Solved Problems
• Mathematical Instructions
  • Main Features Of Mathematical Instructions
  • Logic ADD Instruction
  • Logic SUB Instruction
  • Logic MUL Instruction
  • Logic DIV Instruction
  • Logic DDV Instruction
  • Logic CLR Instruction
  • Logic SQR Instruction
  Solved Problems
• Special Mathematical Instructions
  • Scale with Parameters or SCP Instruction
  • Scale Data or SCL Instruction
  • Absolute or ABS Instruction
  • Compute or CPT Instruction
  • Swap or SWP Instruction
  • Arc Sine or ANS Instruction
  • Arc Cosine or ACS Instruction
  • Arc Tangent or ATN Instruction
  • Cosine or COS Instruction
  • Natural Log or LN Instruction
  • Log to the Base 10 or LOG Instruction
  • Sine or SIN Instruction
  • Tangent or TAN Instruction
  • X to the Power Y or XPY Instruction
• Data Handling Instructions
  • Main Features Of Data Handling Instructions
  • Convert to BCD or TOD Instruction
  • Convert from BCD or FRD Instruction
  • Radian to Degrees or DEG Instruction
  • Degrees to Radian or RAD Instruction
  • Decode 4 to 1 of 16 or DCD Instruction
  • Encode 1 of 16 or ENC Instruction
  • Copy a File or COP Instruction
  • Fill File or FLL Instruction
  • Move or MOV Instruction
  • Masked Move or MVM Instruction
  • FIFO Load or FFL Instruction
  • FIFO Unload or FFU Instruction
  • LIFO Load or LFL Instruction
  • LIFO Unload or LFU Instruction
• Program Flow Control Instructions
  • Main Features Of Program Flow Control Instructions
  • Jump or JMP and Label or LBL Instruction
  • Temporary End or TND Instruction
    
• Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Instruction
  • PID Control
  • PID Equation
  • PID Instruction
    

• Introduction
• Classification Of I/O
• I/O System Overview
• Practical I/O System And Its Mapping
• Addressing Local And Expansion I/O
• Input-Output Systems
  • Direct I/O
  • Parallel I/O Systems
  • Serial I/O Systems
• Sinking And Sourcing
  • What Are They ?
  • Why Are They Required ?
  • Sourcing and Sinking in PLC Interfacing
• Discrete Input Module
  • Discrete DC Input Module
  • Discrete AC Input Module
  • Rectifier with Filter
  • Threshold Detection
  • Isolation
  • Logic Section
• Specifications Of Discrete Input Module
• Discrete Output Modules
• Operating Principles Of Output Modules
• Specification Of Discrete Ouput Module
• Sourcing And Sinking Output Module
• Advantages And Disadvantages Of Output Modules
  • Analog Input Module Operation
  • Noise Minimization
• Specifications Of Analog Input Module
• Types Of Analog Input Module
  • Single Ended And Differential Input Modules
• Special Input Modules
  • Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) Input Module
  • Thermocouple/Millivolt Input Module
  • High-Speed Encoder Input Module
  • Stepper Motor Control Module
  • Self Diagnostic Module
  • RS-232C Interface Module
  • Remote I/O Subscanners
  • Communication Modules
• Analog Output Module
• I/O Modules In Hazaradous Locations
• Power Supply Requirements
  • Common AC Source
  • Isolation From Power Circuit
  • Emergency Stops
  • Safety Control Systems
  • Protection against Excessive Line Voltage Variation
• Power Supply Configuration
• Power Line Conditioner
• Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
• Filters
  • Simple Capacitive Filter
  • Simple Inductive Filter
  • Pi-Type Filter

• Introduction
• Evolution Of Industrial Control Process
• Types Of Communication Interface
• Types Of Networking Channels
• Parallel Communication Interface
  • IEEE-488 Bus
  • Devices Useable with IEEE - 488
  • Handshaking Process
  • Interface Management Lines
• Serial Communication Interface
• Balanced And Unbalanced Systems
• Communication Mode
  • Simplex Mode
  • Half Duplex Mode
  • Full Duplex Mode
• Synchronization And Timing In Communication
  • Synchronous Transmission
  • Enchronous Transmission
  • Isochronous Transmission
  • Asynchronous Transmission
• Synchronous And Asynchronous Transmissions Compared
• Standard Interface
• Serial Interface RS 232C
• Serial Interface RS 422
• Serial Interface EIA 485
• Different Recommended Standards Compared
• Software Protocol
  • ASCII Protocol
  • HART Protocol
  • Manufacturer Specific Protocol
• Industrial Network
• Network Topology
  • Bus Topology
  • Ring Topology
  • Star Topology
  • Tree Topology
• Media Access Methods
  • CSMA/CD (Collision Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection)
  • CSMA/BA (Collision Sense Multiple Access/Bitwise Arbitration)
  • Master-Slave-One
  • Token Passing
• Open System Interconnection (OSI) Network Model
  • Application Layer
  • Presentation Layer
  • Session Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Network Layer
  • Data Link Layer
  • Physical Layer
• Network Components
• Control Network Issues
• Advantage Of Standardized Industrial Network
  • Open Systems
  • Cost Reduction In Wiring
  • Increased Information Need
  • Intelligent Devices
• Industrial Network
• Bus Network
• Device Bus Network Vs. Process Bus Network
• Controller Area Network (CAN)
  • Characteristics of CAN Protocol
  • CAN Data Frame and Communication
  • CAN Error Detection and Confinement
• Devicenet
  • Physical Layer Features
  • Communication Features
  • A Devicenet Network
• Controlnet
• Ethernet
• Protocol
• Proprietory Network
• Smart Distributed System
• Interbus - S
• Seriplex Bit-Wide Device Bus Network
• AS-I Interface
  • AS-I-Open Standard For Network Systems At The Process Level
  • AS-Interface/AS-I System Operation
  • Operating Reliability And Flexibility
• FOUNDATION FIELDBUS
  • Physical Layer ( Layer 1)
  • Communication Stack (Layers 2 and 7)
  • User Layer (Layer 8)
• Profibus
• Profibus-Dp
• Profibus-Fms
• Profibus-Pa
• Application Of Profibus For Real PLC Communication

• Introduction
• Utility Of Automation
• General Structure Of An Automated Process
• Examples Of Some Simple Automated Systems
• Selection Of PLC