Foreword:
It is my pleasure to write a foreword for this book “C Application Programs and Projects”. It is well known that programming is a practice based skill. The surest test of comprehension of programming language concepts is the ability to apply them in various problem solving applications. This book serves this objective squarely. The features of C language have been reviewed in brief and illustrated with several programming examples. The concepts have been sequenced in an increasing order of complexity, as is appropriate. The coverage of C features is extensive for someone who is interested in acquiring proficiency in this language.
The description is lucid throughout which makes the book useful as a self study resource. The large number of programs provided are ready to use programs that could also be adapted as building blocks for solving new problems. This book meets the crying need of a supplementary resource on C that deals with the experimental aspects of this language. The exercises not only reinforce the basic practical skills but also include challenging assigments for the motivated reader. The programming projects provide an opportunity to intregate the various practical skills learnt and also illustrate the process of design and implementation of scaled down real life programs. Thebook is self contained and would be a useful companion for a first course in C language anywhere.
Dr Supratim Biswas
Professor
Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
About the Book:
The text matter of the ‘C’ programming is presented in four stages (16 units) of this book. It covers the maxium number of features of the languages including arrays, strings, functions, pointers, storage classes, structures, unions dynamic memory allocation, bit fields, linked lists, files, graphics, in the appropriate sequence. The relevant theory is mentioned at most places. The book is organized in such a way as to be helpful for self-learning by putting it on the desktop along with a personal computer.
Key features of the book:
•It covers a large number of areas and the basics, thoroughly
•Understanding programming in C by going through programs/examples
•Appropriate and challenging exercises at the end of each lab session
•Design/implementation problems in the examples and programming projects, which are to be developed by the student
•Easy to read and informal style of writing
•Fine quality of text matter
Includes CD consisting of source code for Programs in the book.
About the Authors:
Dr. Dilip S. Mali has been working as a lecturer in the Department of Electronics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur for the last seven years. He has been teaching computer languages such as C, C++ to post-graduate students. His research interests are digital signal processing, communication and computer programming. He has published papers in national/international journals and presented papers at a number of conferences. He is a life member of ISTE and IETE.
Dr. Pramod N. Vasambekar is currently working as a reader in electronics in the Department of Electronics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. He has teaching and research experience of twenty years. His topics of interest are electronic materials, microwaves, communication electronics and computer programming. He has taught computer languages like BASIC, C and C++ to the M.Sc. students of electronics. He has published several research papers in national/international journals and presented papers at a number of conferences.
Contents
Unit No. Name of the Unit
Unit 1 Fundamentals of C
1.1 About ‘C’
1.2 Character set
1.3 Keywords
1.4 Identifiers
1.5 Data types
1.6 Constants
1.7 symbolic constants
1.8 Escape sequences
1.9 Variables
Exercises
Unit 2 Operators and Expressions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Arithmetic operators
2.3 Relational Operators
2.4 Logical Operators
2.5 Assignment Operators
2.6 Unary Operators
2.7 Conditional Operator
2.8 Bitwise Operators
2.9 Operator Precedence Groups
2.10 Type conversion in expressions
Exercises
Unit 3 Data Input/Output: Data Types and Operators
Program
3.1 The ‘printf()’ function
3.2 The ‘scanf()’ function
3.3 The ‘getchar()’ and ‘putchar()’ functions
3.4 The ‘gets()’ and ‘puts()’ functions
3.5 The ‘enum’ data type
3.6 ‘typedef’ - user defined data type
3.7 sizeof() operator
3.8 Relational operators
3.10 Casting a value
Exercises
Unit 4 Formatting input and output
Program
4.1 Formatting integer output
4.2 Formatting real number output
4.3 Formatting single character output
4.4 Formatting string output
4.6 Formatting real number input
4.7 Formatting character and string input
Exercises
Unit 5 Control structures
Branching
Program
5.A.1 Simple ‘if’ statement
5.A.2 The ‘if ….else’ statement
5.A.3 The nested ‘if … else’ statement
5.A.4 The ‘else….if’ ladder
5.A.5 The ‘switch’ statement
5.A.6 The ‘conditional operator’ (?:)
5.A.7 The ‘goto’ statement
Looping
Program
5.B.1 The ‘while’ loop
5.B.2 The ‘do…while’ loop
5.B.3 The ‘for’ loop
5.B.4 The ‘continue’ statement
Exercises
Unit 6 Arrays and Strings
Arrays
Program
6.A.1 Declaration of one dimensional array
6.A.2 Initialization of one dimensional array
6.A.3 Reordering an array in ascending order
6.A.4 Declaration of two dimensional array
6.A.5 Initialization of two dimensional array
Strings
Program
6.B.1 Declaration and initialization of a string
6.B.2 Reading string from keyboard using the ‘getchar( )’ function
6.B.3 The function ‘atoi( )’
6.B.4 The function ‘strcat( )’
6.B.5 The function ‘strcmp( )’
6.B.6 The function ‘strcpy( )’
6.B.7 The function ‘strlen( )’
6.B.8 Sorting strings in alphabetical order
Exercises
Unit 7 Functions
Arithmetic functions
Program
7.A.1 The functions ‘abs(i)’ and ‘fabs(d)’
7.A.2 The functions ‘ceil(d)’ and ‘floor(d)’
7.A.3 The function ‘exp(d)’
7.A.4 The functions ‘log(d)’ and ‘log10(d)’
7.A.5 The functions ‘sin(d)’, ‘cos(d)’ and ‘tan(d)’
7.A.6 The function ‘sqrt(d)’.
User Defined functions
Program
7.B.1 Functions with no arguments and no return values
7.B.2 Functions with arguments and no return values
7.B.3 Functions with arguments and return values
7.B.4 Function prototypes
7.B.5 Recursion
7.B.6 Passing an argument to a function
7.B.7 Call by reference
7.b.8 Passing an array to a function
Exercises
Programming project 1
Unit 8 Storage classes: More about variables
8.1 Automatic storage class
8.2 Register storage class
8.3 Static storage class
8.4 External storage class Program
8.1 Automatic storage class
8.2 Register storage class
8.3 Program without static storage class
8.4 Static storage class
8.5 External storage class
Exercises
Unit 9 Pointers
Program
9.1 Declaration and initialization of pointers
9.2 Pointer expressions
9.3 Accessing array elements using the pointer
9.4 Accessing string characters using the pointer
9.5 Pointers as function arguments
9.6 Passing an entire array to a function
9.7 Using pointers to two dimensional arrays
9.8 Arrays of pointers
9.9 Searching a string using a ‘ragged array’
Exercises
Unit 10 Structures and Unions
10.1 Structures
10.2 Unions
Structures
Program
10.A.1 Declaring and accessing a ‘structure’
10.A.2 Initialization of ‘structure’
10.A.3 Arrays of structures
10.A.4 Arrays within structures
10.A.5 Structure within structure
10.A.6 Passing individual structure elements to function
10.A.7 Passing an entire structure variable to function
10.A.8 Structure pointers
Unions
Program
10.B.1 Referencing union members
10.B.2 Initializing a union
10.B.3 Sharing of the same memory location
10.B.4 Comparing the size of a union and a structure
10.B.5 The ‘little-endian’ format
Exercises
Programming project 2
Unit 11 Bitwise operators and Bit fields
11.1 Bitwise Operators
11.2 Bit Fields
Program
11.1 Creating bit pattern of given decimal number
11.2 One’s complement operator
11.3 Logical bitwise operator
11.4 Shift operators
11.5 Bit fields
11.6 Overlapping bit fields
11.7 Unnamed bit fields
Exercises
Unit 12 Dynamic Memory Management
Program
12.1 malloc() function
12.2 malloc() to store a single byte
12.3 char malloc()
12.4 calloc() function
12.5 calloc() function
Exercises
Unit 13 Linked lists
13.1 Types of Linked Lists
13.2 Creation of a Linked List
13.3 Advantages of Linked Lists
13.4 Limitations of Linked Lists
Program
13.1 Creating a linked list
13.2 Inserting an item in the linked list
Exercises
Programming project 3
Unit 14 Stream-oriented Data files
14.1 Stream Oriented (Standard) Data Files
14.2 System Oriented (Low Level) Data Files
14.3 Opening and Closing a File
Program
14.1 Creating a data file to write a character
14.2 Reading data file character by character
14.3 Creating an integer data file
14.4 Reading an integer data file
14.5 Creating a data file containing a string
14.6 Reading a data file containing string
14.7 Creating a mixed data file
14.8 Reading a mixed data file
14.9 Updating a mixed data file
14.10 Copying a character from one data file to another
14.11 Command line arguments
Exercises
Unit 15 Graphics
Graphics Routines
Program
15.A.1 The ‘putpixel( )’, ‘line( )’ and ‘outtextxy( )’ functions
15.A.2 The ‘rectangle( )’ and ‘circle( )’ functions
15.A.3 The ‘ellipse( )’ and ‘arc( )’ functions
15.A.4 The ‘setfillstyle( )’, ‘bar( )’, ‘bar3d( )’, ‘drawpoly( )’ and fillpoly( )’ functions
‘
15.A.5 The ‘getmaxx( )’, ‘getmaxy( )’, ‘moveto( )’, ‘getx( )’ and ‘gety( )’ functions
15.A.6 The ‘setbkcolor( )’, ‘setcolor( )’, ‘getbkcolor( )’ and ‘getcolor( )’ functions
15.A.7 The ‘imagesize( )’, ‘getimage( )’ and ‘putimage( )’ functions
15.A.8 Creating buttons, bars and boxes
Using the mouse
Program
15.B.1 Initializing and showing the mouse pointer
15.B.2 Setting horizontal and vertical limits for mouse pointer
15.B.3 Getting the mouse position and mouse button status
15.B.4 Drawing with the mouse
15.B.5 Shooting button with the mouse
Exercises
Programming Project 4
Unit 16 Solved Problems
Program
16.1 Fibonacci numbers
16.2 Gain and beamwidth of a parabolic reflector
16.3 Roots of quadratic equation
16.4 Characteristic impedance of a transmission line
16.5 Surface resistance and microwave loss of gold-film
16.6 Transmission path distance for a satellite
16.7 Amplitude modulation
16.8 The characteristic impedance (Zo) of a coaxial cable (using conductor dimensions)
16.9 Cut-off frequency, phase velocity and guide wavelength for a rectangular waveguide
16.10 Range of errors
16.11 Standard deviation
16.12 Maximum range for tropospheric transmission
16.13 Angle of inclination of satellite orbit due to latitude deviation
16.14 Conversion of mW power to dBm scale
16.15 Compound interest
16.16 Design of coils in resonant or tuning circuit
16.17 Frequency of oscillation of 3-section phase shift oscillator
16.18 Verification of truth table of AND, OR and XOR gates
16.19 Creating a list of laboratory equipment
16.20 Drawing a parabola
16.21 Radiation pattern of Yagi antenna
16.22 Design and simulation of a discrete time filters
References
Index |
